Sultan Jamalul-Kiram II (1894–1936)
 |
| The 32rd Sulu Sultan Jamalul Kiram II, the last Sulu sovereign. |
Alternate name: Sultan Muhammad Jamalul Kiram
He is the younger brother of Badarud-Din II. [1]
He was Raja Muda (Crown Prince) Amirul Kiram and said to have "fought and suffered so long for the throne of his father and brother, succeeded Sultan Harun al-Rashid and assumed the name of Sultan Jamalul Kiram II." [3]
He was proclaimed Sultan of Sulu by his followers in 1884 as the son of the 29th Sultan Jamal ul-Azam. According to some sources, his real name was Amirul Kiram Awal-II. [1]
His proclamation as sultan was contested by Datu Ali ud-Din, a grandson of Sultan Shakirullah, but without any success. Aliud-Din was forced to flee to Basilan. [1]
It was Harun Ar-Rashid who tried to mediate between Jamalul-Kiram and Aliud-Din, until the Spaniards thought it expedient to have Harun Ar-Rashid himself proclaimed Sultan. [1]
The Spaniards were led eventually to deal with Jamalul-Kiram II as the Sultan of Sulu in spite of his repeated refusal to go to Manila on a state visit. [1]
"Spain evacuated Sulu in May, 1899, and Jolo was garrisoned by American troops on the same day. On the 20th of August Gen. J. C. Bates concluded a treaty with Sultan Jamalul Kiram II, generally known as the “Bates Agreement,” and the sovereignty of Sulu passed from Spain to the United States of America." [3]
"Spain evacuated Sulu in May, 1899, and Jolo was garrisoned by American troops on the same day. On the 20th of August Gen. J. C. Bates concluded a treaty with Sultan Jamalul Kiram II, generally known as the “Bates Agreement,” and the sovereignty of Sulu passed from Spain to the United States of America." [3]
In 1915, Sultan Jamalul-Kiram II virtually surrendered his political powers to the United States government under the 1915 Carpenter Agreement.
Sultan Jamalul-Kiram II died on 7 June 1936, without leaving any son nor heir. Although he had seven daughters, no woman could be appointed as heir or successor according to Islamic law. [1][2]
[1] List of Sulu Sultan - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_sultans_of_Sulu
[2] "Why 'Sultan' is dreaming". Daily Express. 27 March 2013. Archived from the original on 10 June 2015. Retrieved 1 January 2016.
[3] Saleeby, Najeeb, History of Sulu (1908), Available on Gutenberg - https://www.gutenberg.org/files/41771/41771-h/41771-h.htm
[3] Saleeby, Najeeb, History of Sulu (1908), Available on Gutenberg - https://www.gutenberg.org/files/41771/41771-h/41771-h.htm
Comments
Post a Comment